我們知道磁鐵有南(nan)北兩個(ge)磁極,同(tong)(tong)名(ming)磁極相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)排斥(chi)(chi),異名(ming)磁極相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)吸引(yin)。而(er)且,一個(ge)磁體無論被如何分(fen)割,南(nan)北兩極總(zong)是同(tong)(tong)時(shi)存在的,磁單極子迄今還尚(shang)未發現(xian)。不過(guo),磁鐵的形(xing)狀(zhuang)常見(jian)有長型跟圓形(xing)。我(wo)們如果用圓形(xing)磁鐵做實驗,會觀察到這樣一些有趣的現(xian)象:兩塊圓形(xing)磁鐵以正面(mian)(mian)(mian)或反面(mian)(mian)(mian)靠攏(long)時(shi),出現(xian)了類似于(yu)條形(xing)磁鐵那樣“同(tong)(tong)名(ming)磁極相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)排斥(chi)(chi),異名(ming)磁極相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)吸引(yin)”的現(xian)象。但是,當兩磁鐵以外(wai)側靠攏(long)時(shi),情況就不大(da)一樣,若此(ci)時(shi)出現(xian)吸引(yin),那么(me)外(wai)側的任何位置靠攏(long),兩塊磁鐵都是吸引(yin):如果再把其中一塊磁鐵翻一面(mian)(mian)(mian),那么(me)兩塊磁鐵外(wai)側的任何位置靠攏(long),都出現(xian)排斥(chi)(chi)。